The following documents relevant to PicMA are available on this site.
NOTE: this page is still under development. Layout and content will change significantly to make finding information in the archive easier, and many more documents are to be added. Current order of document list has no signifiance.
|
Title |
Relevance and download link |
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Celebrating TAWS ‘Saves’: But lessons still to be learnt. |
Illustrates the benefits of having GPWS installed, but makes the point that it won't solve everything. |
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Airbus Industrie Approach and Landing Accident Reduction Guide |
Section 7.3. Acquisition of visual references. Page 4 of this section contains PicMA procedure. |
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The Monitored Approach |
Believed to be the oldest available statement of the PicMA concept, by Capt. W. Baillie, BEA's General Manager Flight Operations. |
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To intervene or not to intervene? |
Robert Besco paper on the problems generated by historic practices. "The Co-pilot's Catch 22; You are damned if you ignore the Captain's mistakes and you are damned if you do something about them." (1995) |
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Analysis of pilots’ monitoring and performance on an automated flight deck |
An "academic" study measuring automation use, eye fixations, and pilot mental models. |
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Monitoring Matters |
Guidance on the Development of Pilot Monitoring Skills. CAA Paper 2013/02. Primarily aimed at Loss of Control events |
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Culture, Error, and Crew Resource Management |
Academic paper byHelmreich, Merritt etc. Describes the influences of three cultures that are relevant to the cockpit: the professional cultures of the pilots, the cultures of organizations, and the national cultures surrounding individuals and their organizations. Culture, Error, and Crew Resource Management - Helmreich et al 1998.pdf |
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European guidance material on Aerodrome operations under limited visibility conditions |
ICAO Europe regulations on low visibility operations. |
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FAA Info for Operators on CFIT |
Recommends use of the joint FAA/ICAO/FSF CFIT training aid |
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FedEX HUD FAA Exemption 9984 |
Integration requirements for use of HUD/EVS on FedEx aircraft, which also use PMA - see below. |
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FedEx HUD/PMA Supplemental Information FAA Docket Number FAA-2008-0370 |
FedEx Application for reduced minima while using HUD/EVS. P7 describes current implementation of PicMA, noting that integration of HUD/EVS will involve minimal change. /sites/default/files/Documents/Background/FedEx_Express_Corporation_-_Supplemental_Information.pdf |
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Fake BAW Crew notice |
A mischief-making pseudo-official "British Airways" document on PicMA, created for reasons of industrial politics at the time of the merger of BOAC and BEA in the 1970s. Many versions unfortunately in circulation. |
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ICAO/FSF/FAA CFIT Education and Training Aid |
2.1.6 Allocation of Flight Crew Duties: recommends adoption of PicMA |
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IFALPA Pilot Training Standards |
International Federation of Airline Pilots Associations 2012 guide to best practices in Pilot Training |
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Resource Management on the Flight Deck |
Proceedings of a 1979 NAS/Industry Workshop with much valuable material on fundamental problems much of which continue to be in evidence |
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Interaction of Pilot Workload with Errors, Vigilance and Decisions |
NASA 1979 full mission simulation study |
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Bad decisions or Bad Luck? |
NASA/academic 1998 study of crew errors identified by NTSB. |
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Uncertainty, Stakes and Time in Decision-making |
NASA 2000 Study of airline pilot decision-making processes |
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CRM in a multi-cultural world |
NASA 2000 academic study |
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Checklists and Monitoring: why defences fail |
NASA 2010 study of failures to catch problems despite use of checklists and monitoring processes |
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NTSB Safety recommendation |
1994 NTSB Accident study with special emphasis on monitoring/challenging issues |
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Boeing Monitoring issues |
presentation to RAeS 2013 |
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RAE Contribution to All-weather Landing |
2011 History of Blind Landing Experimental Unit etc. activity |
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All Weather Operations Guide |
Royal Aeronautical Society detailed single source handbook for pilots on all aspects of AWO. |
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Enhancing Crew Monitoring and Cross-checking |
NTSB 2009 presentation by Bob Sumwalt, emphasising need for more emphasis on monitoring as positive activity |
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AC 0237 |
Transport Canada 2006 Advisory Circular on Approach Ban criteria |
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AC 0239 |
Transport Canada Advisory Circular pointying out that PicMA may improve transition and overall decision-making, and that its use may result in reduced RVR minima. |
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IPIS-TR-70-3 |
USAF 1970 Landing Weather Minimums Investigation. |
| NTSB AAS 76-5 |
NTSB 1976 Special Study of US Instrument Approach Accidents sites/default/files/Documents/Background/NTSB%201976%20Poor%20weather%20accidents%20study%20AAS%2076-5.pdf |